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Menemen
Menemen is a district of İzmir Province in Turkey as well as the district's central town. The district extends on a fertile plain formed by the alluvial soil carried by the Gediz River. Menemen's district area neighbors the following district areas from east to west; Aliağa and Foça to the north and Bornova, Karşıyaka and Çiğli to the south, these last two being among İzmir's metropolitan districts. Menemen district also has a long coastline in the west and neighbors Manisa Province to the east. The town of Menemen is located at a distance of from İzmir center (Konak Square). Settlement across the district is loosely scattered along the Greater Metropolitan Area of İzmir in the south and consists of isolated villages along prairies in the north, which results in an average urbanization rate of only 42 per cent. The economy still relies on agriculture and stock breeding in large part, although the production and export of leather, ceramic and other earthenware products, as well as potentially of plastic products, based in two separate and specialized organized industrial zones made important steps forward during the last decade. Menemen's earthenware pottery products are famous across Turkey since centuries. These two organized industrial zones as well as activities rebounding from the adjacent İzmir metropolitan area gain an increasing importance in the district's economy. Nevertheless, Gediz River, whose lower basin crosses Menemen plain to join the sea within the district boundaries still constitutes the lifeline of the region and matters relating to the river's flow as well as its present rate of rather high pollution is a matter of constant debate. The level of education is high in Menemen with literacy rate reaching 99%.
==Etymology==
There are different accounts related to the historical origin of the Greek-derived name of "Menemen" (Μενεμένη in Greek language). The most commonly encountered in the explanation based on the ancient Greek word "menemenos" (μενεμένος) or "menemenus", which meant "flood" or "overflow". In fact, in the absence of modern dams and other means of waterflow supervision, Gediz River used to cause serious and frequent damages on the human settlements of the region until very recent times. The river was nicknamed "Gediz the Sorceress" (''Cadı Gediz'').
On the other hand, a minority of researchers discuss the remote possibility of a Luwian origin in connection with the name.
In any case, it is obvious, particularly in the light of recent discoveries made at the premises -of Ege Fertilizer (''Ege Gübre; the site being termed in the literature under the name of the industrial installations''), at Araptepe and more particularly at Panaztepe and Menemen's Larissa, that settlement in the region extends far back in prehistoric times, at least until the late Neolithic and early Chalcolithic.
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